In the aftermath of the 9/11 terrorist attacks, many Americans became hostile toward immigration because the terrorists who perpetrated the attacks exploited gaping security holes in the U.S. immigration system. Border security became both an immediate and long-term concern, as the borders with Canada and Mexico were closed for days. Since, then the number of Immigration and Naturalization Service agents along America’s border with Canada will have tripled. President Bush also ordered consular offices to tighten their scrutiny of all visa applicants.

Some in Congress are pushing for further action. They would like to see the U.S. perform extensive background checks on potential immigrants as well as a tamperproof visa containing biometric data such a facial screens or thumbprints to prevent impostors from gaining entry. They also want the INS to move ahead with two major technology initiatives, an automated entry-exit system at border crossings and a Student Exchange Visitor Information System, also known as SEVIS, an Internet-based system that will make it easier for universities to monitor their foreign students more closely.

As well as prompting new rules, 9/11 stalled an important initiative between the United States and Mexico, who had been negotiating a bilateral plan to allow more guest workers into the United States and allow those already in the country legally to earn permanent legal status. The plan would have also legalized the status of a number of illegal Mexican workers living in America. Near completion prior to the terrorist attacks, the plan has been shelved by the administration. It is yet to be seen whether the plan can regain momentum.

Next: EU Integration