|
|
Introduction
“25 Questions & Answers on Health and Human Rights.” Health and Human Rights Publication Series #1, World Health Organization, July 2002.
“About AI: Frequently Asked Questions.” Amnesty International, http://web.amnesty.org/pages/aboutai-faq-eng.
“About HRW.” Human Rights Watch, http://www.hrw.org/about/whoweare.html.
Bailey, Peter. “The Creation of the Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” Universal Rights Network, http://www.universalrights.net/main/creation.htm.
“Barack Obama Restarts Guantánamo Trials.” The Guardian, March 7, 2011. http://www.guardian.co.uk/world/2011/mar/07/guantanamo-bay-trials-restart.
Carozza, Paolo G. “Subsidiarity as a Structural Principle of International Human Rights Law.” American Journal of International Law 97(1), January 2003: 38-79.
“Charter of the United Nations: Preamble.” United Nations, http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/.
“Child Soldiers.” Human Rights Watch, http://hrw.org/campaigns/crp/index.htm.
“Colombia: FARC-EP Hands Over two Police Officers to ICRC.” Regional News, International Committee of the Red Cross, http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/colombia-news-090307!OpenDocument.
“Declaration of Independence.” The Charters of Freedom: “A New World Is At Hand,” The National Archives Experience, http://www.archives.gov/national-archives-experience/charters/declaration_transcript.html.
“Declarations and Reservations: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ratification/4_1.htm.
“Derogation,” in Black’s Law Dictionary, 7th ed., Bryan A. Garner. (St. Paul: West Group, 1999).
Donnelly, Jack. Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2002).
“East Timor: United Nations Transition Administration in East Timor (UNTAET).” Completed Peacekeeping Operations, United Nations, http://www.un.org/peace/etimor/etimor.htm.
“From Stitching to School: Combating Child Labour in the Soccer Ball Industry in Pakistan.” International Labor Organization and the International Programme on the Elimination of Child Labour, 2004. http://www.ilo.org/ipecinfo/product/viewProduct.do;jsessionid=0a038009ce9ee54e8c77b3b4e6d8b29933da52f091d?productId=2099
“From the Battle of Solferino to the Eve of the First World War,” International Committee for the Red Cross, December 28, 2004, http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/57JNVP.
Greenhouse, Linda. “Supreme Court Refuses to Hear Torture Appeal.” New York Times, October 9, 2007. http://www.nytimes.com/2007/10/09/washington/09cnd-scotus.html?_r=3.
“Helsinki Accords.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2007, http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9039936.
Henkin, Louis. “The Universal Declaration and the Cold War,” American Philosophical Association Newsletter 97 (2), Spring 1998, http://www.apa.udel.edu/apa/archive/newsletters/v97n2/law/declaration.asp.
“Henry Dunant (1828-1910),” International Committee for the Red Cross, April 6, 1998, http://www.icrc.org/Web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/57JNVQ.
“The High Commissioner.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.ohchr.org/english/about/hc/index.htm.
“Human Rights: Historical Development: Natural Law Transformed into Natural Rights,” Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2007, http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-219321.
“Human Rights: Defining Human Rights: The Content of Human Rights: Three ‘Generations’ of Rights,” Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2007, http://www.britannica.com/eb/article-219326.
“Human Rights Bodies: Mechanisms for the Protection and Promotion of Human Rights.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.ohchr.org/english/bodies/index.htm.
“Human Rights Fundamentals: What Are Human Rights?” in Human Rights Here and Now: Celebrating the Universal Declaration of Human Rights, ed. Nancy Flowers. University of Minnesota, Human Rights Resource Center, http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/hreduseries/hereandnow/Part-1/whatare.htm.
“Inalienable,” in Black’s Law Dictionary, 7th ed., Bryan A. Garner. (St. Paul: West Group, 1999).
“The ICRC’s Mandate and Mission,” International Committee for the Red Cross, http://www.icrc.org/Web/Eng/siteeng0.nsf/htmlall/section_mandate?OpenDocument.
“Impressive Gains in Global Ban on Antipersonnel Mines.” Human Rights Watch, September 13, 2006, http://hrw.org/english/docs/2006/09/13/global14170.htm.
“International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_ccpr.htm.
“International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.” United Nations Treaty Collection. http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=IV-4&chapter=4&lang=en
“International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/a_cescr.htm.
“International Criminal Court: Basic Fact Sheet.” Human Rights Watch, http://hrw.org/campaigns/icc/whowhat.htm.
“Introduction to the Human Rights Committee.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu2/6/a/introhrc.htm.
“Jus Cogens,” in Black’s Law Dictionary, 7th ed., Bryan A. Garner. (St. Paul: West Group, 1999).
Lynch, Colum. “U.S. Will Not Join U.N. Rights Council.” Washington Post, April 7, 2006; A16.
Marcus, Jonathan. “US Formally Dumps ABM Treaty.” BBC News, June 13, 2002.
Marks, Susan and Andrew Clapham. International Human Rights Lexicon. (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005).
Miller, Martin. “‘24’ Gets a Lesson in Torture From the Experts.” Los Angeles Times, February 13, 2007.
O’Connell, D.P. International Law, 2nd ed. Vol. 1. (London: Stevens & Sons, 1970).
“Positive and Negative Liberty.” Stanford Encyclopedia of Philosophy, February 27, 2003, http://plato.stanford.edu/entries/liberty-positive-negative/.
“Ratifications and Reservations: International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ratification/4.htm.
“Ratifications and Reservations: International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.ohchr.org/english/countries/ratification/3.htm.
“Reform Run Amok: The U.N.’s New Human Rights Council Makes the Old One Look Good.” Washington Post, Editorial, October 12, 2006; A26.
Robertson, A.H. Human Rights in the World. (Manchester: Manchester UP, 1972).
“Rwanda: How the Genocide Happened.” BBC News, April 1, 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/africa/1288230.stm.
Sanchez, Marcela. “Where the Rights Commission Went Wrong.” Washington Post, March 24, 2006.
“Schenck v. United States.” U.S. Supreme Court Case; available at: http://www.law.cornell.edu/supct/html/historics/USSC_CR_0249_0047_ZO.html
Smith, Anthony L. “East Timor.” Self-Determination In Focus, International Relations Center, http://www.irc-online.org/selfdetermine/conflicts/timor_body.html.
“Un Rules Against Israeli Barrier.” BBC News, July 9, 2004, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/middle_east/3879057.stm.
“A United Nations Priority: Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” Human Rights Today: UN Briefing Papers, United Nations, http://www.un.org/rights/HRToday/declar.htm.
“Universal Declaration of Human Rights.” United Nations, http://www.un.org/Overview/rights.html.
“US Takes Seat on UN Human Rights Council.” VOA News, June, 19, 2009 http://www.voanews.com/english/2009-06-19-voa29.cfm
Vasak, Karel. “Human Rights: A Thirty-Year Struggle: The Sustained Efforts to Give Force of Law to the Universal Declaration of Human Rights,” UNESCO Courier 30(11), November 1977.
“What Are the Origins of International Humanitarian Law,” International Committee for the Red Cross, October 31, 2002, http://www.icrc.org/web/eng/siteeng0.nsf/html/5KZFR8.
“Who We Are: Our Mission and Role,” International Federation of Red Cross and Red Crescent Societies, http://www.ifrc.org/who/index.asp?navid=03_01.
Human Rights and Violence
“About UNMIK.” UNMIK At a Glance, United Nations Interim Administration Mission in Kosovo, http://www.unmikonline.org/intro.htm.
“About the Special Court for Sierra Leone.” The Special Court for Sierra Leone,
http://www.sc-sl.org/ABOUT/tabid/70/Default.aspx
“Achievements of the ICTR.” International Criminal Tribunal for Rwanda, http://69.94.11.53/default.htm.
“An Introduction to the Responsibility to Protect.” International Coalition for the Responsibility to Protect, http://www.responsibilitytoprotect.org/index.php/about-rtop.
Barrow, Greg. “Cambodia Resumes UN Tribunal Talks.” BBC News, January 6, 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/asia-pacific/2633617.stm.
Barry, John et al. “The Roots of Torture: The Road to Abu Ghraib Began After 9/11, When Washington Wrote New Rules To Fight a New Kind of War,” Newsweek, May 24, 2004; pg. 26.
Barsa, Pavel. “Waging War in the Name of Human Rights? Fourteen Theses About Humanitarian Intervention.” Perspectives 24, Summer 2005.
“A Brief History of the Laws of War.” Geneva Conventions: A Reference Guide, Society of Professional Journalists, http://www.genevaconventions.org/.
“Cambodia 1975: The Genocide.” Peace Pledge Union Information, http://www.ppu.org.uk/genocide/g_cambodia1.html.
“The Cambodian Genocide Program.” Yale University, http://www.yale.edu/cgp/.
Carey, Henry F. “U.S. Domestic Politics and the Emerging Humanitarian Intervention Policy: Haiti, Bosnia, and Kosovo.” World Affairs 164(2), Fall 2001.
“Cases.” International Court of Justice, http://www.icj-cij.org/court/index.php?p1=1&p2=1.
“Charter of the United Nations: Chapter VII.” United Nations, http://www.un.org/aboutun/charter/.
“Coining a Word and Championing a Cause: The Story of Raphael Lemkin.” United States Holocaust Memorial Museum, http://www.ushmm.org/conscience/history/lemkin/.
“Convention (I) for the Amelioration of the Condition of the Wounded and Sick in Armed Forces in the Field. Geneva, 12 August 1949.” International Humanitarian Law – Treaties & Documents, International Committee of the Red Cross, http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e636b/fe20c3d903ce27e3c125641e004a92f3!OpenDocument.
“Convention (II) for the Amelioration of the Condition of Wounded, Sick and Shipwrecked Members of Armed Forces at Sea. Geneva, 12 August 1949.” International Humanitarian Law – Treaties & Documents, International Committee of the Red Cross, http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e636b/44072487ec4c2131c125641e004a9977!OpenDocument.
“Convention (III) Relative to the Treatment of Prisoners of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949.” International Humanitarian Law – Treaties & Documents, International Committee of the Red Cross, http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e636b/6fef854a3517b75ac125641e004a9e68!OpenDocument.
“Convention (IV) Relative to the Protection of Civilians in Time of War. Geneva, 12 August 1949.” International Humanitarian Law – Treaties & Documents, International Committee of the Red Cross, http://www.icrc.org/ihl.nsf/7c4d08d9b287a42141256739003e636b/6756482d86146898c125641e004aa3c5!OpenDocument.
“Convention Against Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/h_cat39.htm.
“Convention on the Prevention and Punishment of the Crime of Genocide.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/p_genoci.htm.
“The Court: History.” International Court of Justice, http://www.icj-cij.org/court/index.php?p1=1&p2=1.
Dietrich, John W. “Kosovo and the Challenge of Humanitarian Intervention: Selective Indignation, Collective Action, and International Citizenship.” Human Rights Quarterly 24(4), November 2003.
Donnelly, Jack. Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2002).
Falk, Richard. Human Rights Horizons: the Pursuit of Justice in a Globalizing World (New York: Routledge, 2000).
“General Information.” ICTY At a Glance, International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, http://www.un.org/icty/glance-e/index.htm.
“The Hague Convention, 1899-1954.” World War I Document Archive, Brigham Young University Library, http://net.lib.byu.edu/~rdh7/wwi/hague.html.
Hanson, Stephanie. “Africa and the International Criminal Court.” Council on Foreign Relations, http://www.cfr.org/publication/12048/.
Hillen III, John F. “Killing with Kindness: The UN Peacekeeping Mission in Bosnia.” Foreign Policy Briefing #34, Cato Institute, June 30, 1995.
Hinton, Alex. “We Can’t Let the Khmer Rouge Escape.” Washington Post, August 4, 2006; A17.
Hirsh, Michael et al. “Aboard Air CIA: The Agency Ran a Secret Charter Service, Shuttling Detainees to Interrogation Facilities Worldwide. Was It Legal? What’s Next?” Newsweek, February 25, 2005; pg. 32.
“International Justice: The International Criminal Court.” Amnesty International, http://web.amnesty.org/pages/icc-index-eng.
Kafala, Tarik. “What Is a War Crime?” BBC News, July 31, 2003, http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/europe/1420133.stm.
“Key Figures of ICTY Cases.” ICTY At a Glance, International Criminal Tribunal for the Former Yugoslavia, http://www.un.org/icty/glance-e/index.htm.
Kiernan, Ben. “The Cambodian Genocide and Imperial Culture.” In 90 Years of Denial, Aztag Daily, April 2005, 20-1, http://www.yale.edu/cgp/KiernanCambodia30thAnniversaryEssay.doc.
Marks, Susan and Andrew Clapham. International Human Rights Lexicon. (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005).
Mayer, Jane. “Whatever It Takes: The Politics of the Man Behind ’24.’” The New Yorker, February 19, 2007; pg. 66.
“Myths and Facts About the International Criminal Court.” Human Rights Watch, http://www.hrw.org/campaigns/icc/facts.htm.
“Nurnberg Trials.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2007, http://search.eb.com/eb/article-9056532.
Peterson, Shannon. “The Future of Humanitarian Intervention.” International Politics 41(3), September 2004.
“Politics and Economy: The Geneva Conventions.” NOW, May 21, 2004, http://www.pbs.org/now/politics/geneva.html.
Priest, Dana. “Wrongful Imprisonment: Anatomy of a CIA Mistake.” Washington Post, December 4, 2005; A01.
Priest, Dana and R. Jeffrey Smith. “Memo Offered Justification for Use of Torture.” Washington Post, June 8, 2004; A01.
Rivkin Jr., David B. and Lee A. Casey, “It’s Not Torture, and They Aren’t Lawful Combatants.” Washington Post, January 11, 2003; A19.
“Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.ohchr.org/english/law/criminalcourt.htm.
” Rome Statute of the International Criminal Court” United Nations Treaty Collections, United Nations. http://treaties.un.org/Pages/ViewDetails.aspx?src=TREATY&mtdsg_no=XVIII-10&chapter=18&lang=en
“Rwanda: A Historical Chronology.” Frontline, http://www.pbs.org/wgbh/pages/frontline/shows/rwanda/etc/cron.html.
Simons, Marlise. “Milosevic Dies of Heart Attack, Autopsy Shows.” New York Times, March 13, 2006, http://topics.nytimes.com/2006/03/13/international/europe/13milosevic.html.
“Special Rapporteur on Torture and Other Cruel, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment or Punishment.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.ohchr.org/english/issues/torture/rapporteur/.
“States Parties” International Campaign to Ban Landmines
http://www.icbl.org/index.php/icbl/Universal/MBT/States-Parties
“Status of Ratification of the Convention Against Torture,” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, United Nations, http://www.ohchr.org/english/law/cat-ratify.htm.
Study Guides: Torture, Inhuman or Degrading Treatment.” Human Rights Education Associates, http://www.hrea.org/learn/guides/torture.html.
Terry, James P. “Rethinking Humanitarian Intervention After Kosovo: Legal Reality and Political Pragmatism.” The Army Lawyer, August 2004.
“The United States and the International Criminal Court.” Human Rights Watch, http://www.hrw.org/
campaigns/icc/us.htm.
De Waal, Alex. “No Such Thing as Humanitarian Intervention: Why We Need to Rethink How to Realize the ‘Responsibility to Protect’ in Wartime.” Harvard International Review, March 21, 2007, http://hir.harvard.edu/articles/1482/.
“War Crimes: The Nuremberg and Tokyo Trials.” Encyclopedia Britannica Online, 2007, http://search.eb.com/eb/article-224687.
Human Rights and Groups
“Backgrounder: Child Labor in Agriculture.” Human Rights Watch, http://hrw.org/backgrounder/crp/back0610.htm
“China.” The World Factbook 2007, Central Intelligence Agency, https://www.cia.gov/cia/publications/factbook/geos/ch.html.
Cohn, Ilene, “The Protection of Children and the Quest for Truth and Justice in Sierra Leone.” Journal of International Affairs, Fall 2001; Vol. 55, Iss. 1.
“Convention for the Suppression of the Traffic in Persons and of the Exploitation of the Prostitution of Others.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/33.htm.
“Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/63.htm.
“Convention on the Rights of the Child.” The Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/k2crc.htm.
“Declaration on the Rights of the Child.” Office of the United Nations High Commissioner for Human Rights, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/25.htm.
Donnelly, Jack. Universal Human Rights in Theory and Practice, 2nd ed. (Ithaca: Cornell UP, 2002).
“Facts about Child Soldiers” Human Rights Watch; http://hrw.org/campaigns/crp/fact_sheet.html
Falk, Richard. Human Rights Horizons: the Pursuit of Justice in a Globalizing World (New York: Routledge, 2000).
“Female Genital Mutilation.” Fact Sheet #241, World Health Organization, June 2000, http://www.who.int/mediacentre/factsheets/fs241/en/index.html.
“Focus: Land Rights in the Amazon River Basin,” UN Cyberschool Bus; http://www.un.org/cyberschoolbus/indigenous/locate_focus.asp
Friborg, Jeppe, Anders Koch, etc., “A Population-Based Registry of Infant Mortality in the Arctic: Greenland and Denmark, 1973-1997,” American Journal of Public Health. March 2004; Vol. 94, Iss. 3
“Geneva Declaration of the Rights of the Child.” Human Rights Library, University of Minnesota, http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/instree/childrights.html.
Henry, Ed. “Obama signs order to close Guantanamo Bay facility.” CNN, January, 22, 2009. http://www.cnn.com/2009/POLITICS/01/22/guantanamo.order/index.html
Hornberger, Nancy H. “Language Policy, Language Education, Language Rights: Indigenous, Immigrant, and International Perspectives.” Language in Society. Oct. 1998; Vol. 27, Iss. 4.
“Human Rights Violations Related to Women’s Sexual Autonomy and Reproductive Choices.” Human Rights Watch, http://hrw.org/english/docs/2005/07/07/americ11295.htm.
“Indigenous Peoples: A Backgrounder.” MADRE; http://madre.org/articles/int/indigenous.html
International Labor Organization (ILO) Convention 138, http://www.ilo.org/ilolex/cgi-lex/convde.pl?C138
Kilgannon, Thomas. “Obama May Place the U.S Under International Criminal Court.” Human Events.com, February, 10, 2009. http://www.humanevents.com/article.php?id=30632
“Leaflet 10: Indigenous Peoples and the Environment.” United Nations High Commissioner on Human Rights; http://www.ohchr.org/english/about/publications/docs/indileaflet10.doc
Marks, Susan and Andrew Clapham. International Human Rights Lexicon. (Oxford: Oxford UP, 2005).
“Path to the Convention on the Rights of the Child.” UNICEF, http://www.unicef.org/crc/index_30197.html.
Peang-Meth, Abdulgaffar, “The Rights of Indigenous Peoples and Their Fight for Self-Determination.” World Affairs, Winter 2002; Vol. 164, No. 3.
“Sierra Leone: Sowing Terror; Atrocities against Civilians in Sierra Leone.” Human Rights Watch, July 1998, Vol. 10, No. 3; http://www.hrw.org/reports98/sierra/
“Situations and Cases” International Criminal Court, July, 2009. http://www.icc-cpi.int/Menus/ICC/Situations+and+Cases/
“Status of Ratifications, Reservations and Declarations: Convention on Consent to Marriage, Minimum Age for Marriage and Registration of Marriages.” United Nations Treaty Collection, February 5, 2002, http://www.unhchr.ch/html/menu3/b/treaty3_.htm.
“Study Guide: The Rights of Indigenous Peoples,” University of Minnesota Human Rights Library; http://www1.umn.edu/humanrts/edumat/studyguides/indigenous.html
“Trafficking in Persons Report: Introduction.” Office to Monitor and Combat Trafficking in Persons, U.S. Department of State, June 5, 2006, http://www.state.gov/g/tip/rls/tiprpt/2006/65983.htm.
“Underage and Unprotected: Child Labor in Egypt’s Cotton Fields” Human Rights Watch http://www.hrw.org/reports/2001/egypt/Egypt01.htm
UNICEF Statistics; http://www.unicef.org/protection/index_childlabour.html
“Women’s Rights.” Human Rights Watch, http://hrw.org/women/.
Next: Suggested Readings